Guillaume Courtois, known as Borgognone, The Death of Archimedes
The painting shows Archimedes being killed by a Roman soldier during the siege of Syracuse in 212 BC. The painter adheres closely to one of the stories narrated by Plutarch, who describes the scientist busy resolving a geometry problem. A popular subject in 17th-century painting for its high moral significance, it seems to have been inspired by a better-known composition by Pier Francesco Mola.